Feel My Heart by Bukola

Bukola is a young talented upcoming artist ,Her songs are inspirational and motivative in Nature,She is a Young Yoruba girl with a big dream,She needs your support to get that big dream actualise,you should click on the link and get to hear and download and share her song;

Tittle: Feel my Heart 

Hear and Download

IDENTITY

You just open your eyes and start crying,

Experiencing the world air and watching the skies and everything around you, 

You kept crying,without knowing why you are crying,

Yes you need to cry, because you are born in the world of uncertainty and evil,

You have now grow up and understood many things,

The world seems to be the only home you see,

The world are doing their best to tell you, get the best of everything,

While God is telling you,

Leave everything and seek me and my kingdom first,

The world are telling you, cant you see the reality of the beauty and sweet taste of the world,

So you became confuse and ask;

What then is my identity?

Who am I?

Listen;

Don't get yourself twisted ,

You a chosen generation,

You are a royal Priesthood and Princess of the Kingdom of God.

Your identity is in who God says you are and not in the so call reality of what mortal humans says you are.

Keep your head up high and focus on God.

Jochebed Manu on this.

Peace and Conflict Resolution in Nigeria.

Question;

Write 3 Current conflicts Nigeria is facing Presently and suggest best ways the 3 problems can be solve using accredible scholars method of solving Conflicts?

Introduction;

We can't talk about conflict without suggesting a way to solve the problem.

In regards to that, Cinflict arise from the pursuit of divergent interest,goals and aspirations by individuals and groups in defined social environments. Changes in social and physical

environment,such as contestable access to new political positions or perceptions of new resources arising from development in the physical environment are fertile grounds for conflicts involving individuals and groups who are interested in using these new resources to achieve their goals.

DEFINITION OF CONFLICTS;

A)    (Closer1956:8)

Define conflict as a struggle over values and claims to scarce status,power and resources in

which the aims of the opponents are to neutralise injure or eliminate rivals.

B)   MaxWeber(1954)

Defines conflict as a person group attempts or succeeds in carrying out its will by overcoming

the resistance of the other groups or persons and there interest in a situation of scarcity of

resources.

C)  (Sandole1993:6)

A conflict is a dynamic phenomenon which consist of five stages initiation,escalation,controlled maintenance abatement and termination or resolution.

D) (Wallenstein2002:6)

Conflict can be define as the manifestations of hostile attitude in face of conflicting interest

between individuals,groups or states.

Since we have understood and know what a conflict is meant according to some credible

Scholars,we are now going to to discuss 3 Problems of conflict Nigeria as a Nation is facing Presently;

1. BookHaramConflict

2. EthnicityConflict

3. PastoralandFarmersofAgricProductsconflicts

1.BookHaramConflicts;

A group called Boko Haram began in July 2009 in Nigeria,Since they started their operation,

the North Easthern part of Nigeria,People in especifically,Maiduguri State,have been at the

receiving end,the boko haram people will just go into any community in Maiduguri and bomb and attack the innocent masses including Fathers,Mothers and children,destroying properties of

people.They have one time kidnapped the chibok girls secondary school students,which turn in the news of the world on the bring back our girls protest by Nigerians all over the world,and till today they have been kidnapping and hijacking trailers with company goods and using it for

there own personal consumption.

This has been a called on the government of Nigeria to bring the Book Haram terrorist to book,because thousands of lives were lost,business experience losses,and many people are still

afraid of going to Maiduguri to do service,business,school and others and the book Haram have not just deal with the north east of Nigeria but their activities is going rampant by the day all

over Nigeria and to other neighboring countries that share boundary with Nigeria,So the

government need to look for ways to break down the terrorist to book.

2. EthnicityConflict

Ethnicity refers to share cultural characteristics such as language,ancestry,practices and

beliefs.Ethnicity Problem is as old as man on earth,and this is one of the problem Nigeria is

facing at the moment currently.Nigeria happens to be a country that has alot of languages,and each tribe has its own way of doing things and living lives and the customs and traditional

values of each tribe varies and because of that,we use to have tribal conflicts among people of thesame states.For example; A Ngas man in plateau state will be fighting with a fellow indigene. the Berom man simply because of greed and selfishness,His brother is doing well and he is not doing well. Sometimes the problem of ethnicity enlarges itself from group of two to a crises between two communities sharing boundary together.The government of Nigeria needs to see into this ethnicity problem,since we are one Nigeria,we are not suppose to be having such problems escalating,but is so unfortunate that its kept revolving in Nigeria yearly like a routine and this is not good for us as a nation.

3. Pastoral and Farmers of Agric Products conflicts;

The farmers in Nigeria are people who love farming in their lands in other to feed their families and sell some for profit and in the other way we also have the pastoral Farmers who are known as the Fulani Herdsmen today,They rare cows to earn money and feed their families. But always lack of understanding between them brings about a conflict.they are both important to Nigerians because land farmers givesus food and Pastoral farmers gives us meat.But there is always lack of understanding between them that brings them conflicts,for example;

A land farmer will go and farmed his land,then a Fulani herdsmen will carry his cows to the farm of the farmer and makes his cows to eat what the farmer has suffered to plant,so the coming

morning the farmer will visit his/her farm and discover that their farmland planted seeds have

been demolished and destroyed by the Fulaniherds men cows,the farmers will then go back and agreed among themselves to attack the Fulaniherds men and if they attacked,the Fulani

herdsmen will also not agree,so they also will within few days also backfire the attack against the farmers in their communities and they will not stop taking their crops to eat the farmers seed or plants.This kept happening day by day in different part of Nigeria and there is a need for the

government to look into it before its escalate and become problem in the entire country daily.

Methods to use to resolve the above mentioned Conflicts

Before we resolve the problem or suggest ways to resolve the problem,we need to know what conflict Resolution is;

i) According to(Uchendu 1965 and Anibo 1988)

Conflict resolution involves the mobilisation of cultural expectations,if not imperatives,such as African hospitality commensality,reciprocityand belief system

ii) According to Wilmot and Hocker(1988:48-49)

It is the clarification of communication and checking of perceptions

1. Boko Haram Conflicts Resolution;

For me the best way to resolve the problem of bokoHaram terrorist in Nigeria is through

''Adjudication''.The term Adjudication was suggested by(Morris,nd)and is a term that can

include decision making by a judge in court,by an administrative tribunal or quasi-judicial

tribunal,especially appointed commission or by an arbitrator.The reason why I choose

Adjudication is because Nigeria government have been trying to negotiate with them but upto today is not working,So the best way is to file a case against bokoHaram and if they refused to

come to court,the Nigerian government should give order to the Airforce of Nigeria Army to take jets and destroy the entire forest they are hiding in Maiduguri and also send landarmy to

surround the forest and let them kill everything they see in that place.

If the Nigerian government take this action it will bring an end to the terrorist group and also send a warning to other terrorist groups like the Niger deltaMilitants and others planing to start theirs

2. Ethnicity Conflict Resolution;

For ethnicity conflict resolution in Nigeria,the best way to solve it is through''Negotiation''According to(Mail,Rams bothan and woodhouse 1992 and 21 in 2005)

Negotiation involves communication usually govern by pre-establish procedures,between representatives of parties involved in a conflict or dispute.

For Nigeria to solve ethnicity problem Nigerian government need to call the attention of the languages in conflicts and tell them to negotiate within themselves so that there will be

understanding withinthem,in other to settle the ethnicity conflict admits them.As they

negotiate they will keep there differences of customs and values of traditions aside and

embrace peace,that will solve the problem of ethnicity in Nigeria.

3. How to Resolve Pastoral farmers and Farmers of Agric Products Conflicts in Nigeria;

For me the best method to use is ''Conciliation''

According to 'Morris'the term Conciliation refers to a process of dispute resolution in which

parties in dispute usually are not present in the same room.The Conciliation communicate with each side separately using'shuttle diplomacy'.(Wilmot and Hacker 1998) also support and talk about Conciliation as a way to solve conflicts.

In the case of the herdsman and landfarmers,the best way to solve their conflict is by calling

them and putting them on different sides of rooms then the conciliator will hear the view of

each party through asking them questions then at the end of the day the conciliator will suggest a better way for them to solve the issue,thereby bringing understanding between them,so that peace will reign within them as they both do there businesses.

Conclusion;

We have look at the conflict as the manifestations of hostile attitude in face of conflicting interest between individuals,groups or states and we also discussed 3 problems of conflicts in Nigeria in the likes of the BokoHaram,Ethnicity and the Pastoral and Farmers of Agric products and we also define conflict resolution and also suggest ways to solve the conflicts arising, we explained through Adjudication,Negotiationand Conciliation. If government will be faithful and do as they promised,Nigerian will be a living land of peace for not just Nigerians but also other humanbeings around the globe,peace will bring about a burst in our economy and peace will also attract foreign investors to us,is only when there is peace that we Nigerians can see development,Let us give peace a chance and you will see what you have never dream of.

References;

•Peacestudies and conflict Resolution in Nigeria by Miriam Ikejiani Clark

•Community conflicts in Nigeria by Onigu Otite

•www.wikipediadictionary.com

by Jay Steve

LOVE MUSIC POEM by Ndigis Henry

WHEN LOVE SINGS: A Review of Ndigis Henry's poem, Love Music

Title: Love Music

Poet: Ndigis Henry E.V.K

Genre: Poetry

 Lines:44

Stanzas: 11

Released Date:  14th February

Year:2021

Reviewer: Bizuum Yadok

There are millions of songs and poems that are being devoted to love and somehow we never get enough of them. More than two-thirds of the world's best musicians dwell on the theme of love whether it is erotic, philia or agape. It would seem as though music, poetry, and love are inextricably connected because they always go hand-in-hand. Little wonder, it is often said that when a man falls in love, a poet is born. Conversely, when a human becomes heart-broken or falls out of love, another poet is born. 

It is said that famous American singer, Adele, started her musical career as a means of coping from the heart-break she encountered. Perhaps in this sense, we should be thankful for some hurts because they bring out the best in us. Who knows, there would have been no globally-acclaimed Adele had she not had the heart-break.  

Adele's story is not far from the story contained in "love music", a poem by fast-rising singer, Dikis Henry. The forty-four lined poem split into eleven stanzas of four lines each recounts the experience of a man who falls in love with a girl. The girl's love for him quickly dies on account of his meagre resources. She leaves him. Heart-broken, he decides to venture into music 🎵 and then he becomes a star after recording an 'audio' at Cricket Music 'Studio' which is repeatedly played in 'radio' while he prepares for the 'video'. Wait a minute, did you feel the rhyme? If not, reread the penultimate sentence but it comes alive when it is seen in the poem like this: 

Arriving at Cricket Music Studio

I first produced an audio

Repeatedly played it on radio

And got ready for the video

                     (lines 21-24)

But that is not the end of the story. The girl who deserts him now comes back with a plea and he, considering, the love of the cross - Christ - accepts her and the love music 🎶 plays on.  

The flow of the narrative in the poem is further strengthened by the rhyming schemes, some in couplets and others in quatrains. However, the poets desire to adhere to the flow and rhyme robs the poem of certain poetic ornaments that could have made the poem sublime. I should add that some of the rhymes were forcefully injected but the poet is not left alone in this situation because it is a frequent problem encountered by second language speakers of English, which actually boils down to impatience with words and unproficiency of the English language. Nonetheless, the poem still retains a good literary quality as it still remains relevant to the discourse about love. What is love without forgiveness? 

Dikis Henry, by his attractive love poem, "Love Music", has demonstrated  that love is incomplete without forgiveness and, of course, as an artist says, "love makes the world 🌎 go round. The poet is certainly someone to look out for in the near future. 

Bizuum Yadok is a veteran teacher, poet and novelist. He holds both BA and MA degrees in Literature from the University of Jos.

Bizuum is the co-founder of Plateau Writers' Society (PLAWS) and the author of 'King of the Jungle' (a novel) and 'Echoes of the Plateau'(poetry). He curated JOSTICE (an anthology of short stories) in 2018.

HEROINE

HEROINE 

She puts on the full armor of God,

to pray for her immediate family,friends,neighbour and her Future.

She studies very hard to pass her exams,

She knows her identity in Who she served,

She is focus and flee from gossip and backbite,

She has some much wisdom in her speech,

She corrects in love and not harshly,

She visits the Hospital to gist and pray with the sick,

She visit the orphanage and prisons to put a smile on there faces,

She is always ready to learn new things to improve herself,

She is recognized because of her good conduct and saying the truth,

She does not exposed herself to any man to devalue her,

She is always looking for solution to peoples problems,even if it will curse her pains or her life

She is soldier,with a different.

She is the lady with a difference 

She is a lioness and a dove,

She is a princess in royalty

Are you her? 

 

 #Heroine

@jaysteveofficial

I Love You...

You love her,

But does she love you is a question you need to pounder upon?

She is the type of girl you want to be with,but are you the kind of guy she wants to be with?

Do you love her because of her physical appearance or do you love her because she is who you need in your life?

Will you still love her if that beautiful eyes is affected,

Will you still love her if that smooth body has rashes?

Will you still love her if that her wonderful shape you always praise disappears and changes in the future?

Do you truely love her?

Will you choose her even when all ladies are tripping for you?

Will you still choose her if you eventually become wealthy and very influential?

You mustn't love her to that extent but you should love her everyday,

Always love her everyday even if her body changes.

True love keeps you in one place,true love makes you respected,

True love is maturity,

True love brings out the best in you,

True love makes you a role model,

True love makes you influential, True love is what you need to live everyday.

Give the devil all the fake things he borrowed you to fake your love to cheat that lady and accept the Love of God that makes you love her for who she is.

Is not easy to let go of the pleasures of sin but if you truely want to be responsible then #One_lady is enough 

Can two work together unless they agree.

Let everything you do has the signature of your agreements.

Let it be

#One_God

#One_Lady

#Your_Vision

#Your_Mission

#Your_family

#then_extent_the_love_to_your_friends_and_the_world 

@jaysteve

#jaysteveofficial

Ka Isa by Jay Steve & Ishaku Trace

This song is all about thanksgiving to God for all the things he has been doing,It was written Ishaku Trace and Jay Steve.

You will not regret listening.

Download by clicking below

Ka Isa Jay Steve & Ishaku Trace

Father's Day

Fathers are the ones that carry generations,

Fathers are house builders,

Fathers are nation builders,

Fathers are the light of each nations,

Fathers are the heads of their houses,

Without fathers,there will be no nations,

Fathers rock and Fathers deserve to be celebrated and appreciated,

Happy Fathers day to all Fathers and to all potential Fathers out there.

You are loved.

Marriage

Marriage.

Marriage is ready home made of a man and a woman who love,sex, and are ready to understand themselves, know more of themselves and apply wisdom to live together.

Let me explain;

Base on Biblical standard for example; any lady I eventually sleep with becomes my wife,because we have share blood together through the release of sperm into her body.

And sex is significant because it involves blood. And To God anything that involves blood, becomes a covenant,so sex is a covenant of blood between a man and a woman,that is why sex outside marriage is a sin because it gives way for unclean spirits to take hold of someones body.

Incase you dont understand,during mesturation a  lady's egg that is mature and not fertilize by a sperm breaks and when it breaks what comes out is;

Blood.

And in men the Sperm also contains all the nutrients that an egg needs to fertilize including the blood of the man.

So the blood of the man comes into the woman and mixed with her blood and is call a seal of covenant,that is even recognized by God because any where blood is involved It attracts a kind of spirit pending on the right action or wrong action.

For Marriage Part 2.

Like my page Jay Steve Real or request it here by sending me,send me 2.

@jaysteveofficial

Love of God

God_is_Love

I was living in my pit of sin,

He look into the earth and saw me,

He sends His words, through His servant to me,

Calling me to repent and accept His salvation,

I agreed and accepted,

Even though,am not living to His expectations,

He still love and care for me,

What manner of God is this? I wonder!

Because;

I am not faithful, but He qualifies me to be faithful

I am not Holy,but He qualifies me to be Holy,

I am not righteous,but He qualifies me to be righteous

I am am weak,but He qualifies me to be strong,

I am very wicket,but He forgives me and gave me the grace to move on,

This God is undescribable,

This God is incomprehensible

This God is

Incomparable

His Grace and Mercy,enable us to see today and Even Breathe,

We returned all the Glory to You oh Lord for what you have done,because You are too good and Your love is excess.

@jaysteveofficial

Most Read

CAUTION

The devil knows that a man is not easily arouse by seeing the beauty face of a lady 

And also notice that a man is not easily arouse by the structure of the ladies. 

And in the devil research he discover that what arouse men 

Easily is;

1.Exposure of ladies breast.

2.Exposure of ladies tides.

3.Exposure of blue films and short clips videos.

4.Seductive Dance and looks of a lady.

So after his research,he assign responsibilities to millions of his demons that are subjected under him with the mission of looking for ladies that will avail themselves as an agent to be use by the demons,to accomplish this research in the world of man to make man to fall,So the millions of demons went over all the world and got a lot of ladies that are hungry for money and began to use them to pollute the entire universe with the spirit of immortality and when they devil got a lot of men he send the spirit of mamon(money) with evil technological idea,which is to make the men that have agreed with him to bring together some fashion designers and broadcast fashion world to the people of the world through television,when that was achieved, thesame spirit of mamon brought about the sex movies and short clips videos in the internet and when that was done successful,same spirit of mamon brought the idea of keeping sex pictures online and when that was done, same spirit of mamon brought about music that are dedicated to spirit of seductiveness and mamon in order for the idea to actualise and it was a success.

We have one devil but he manifest as one through his demons which shows that even the devil knows the power of unity and for us to win the battle friends,we have to agree to work with Jesus both the females and the males so that we will not fall victim in the devil's schemes.

Ladies you have a significant role to play to reduce the rate of immortality and men you too have a significant role to play to reduce the rate of immortality.

We all are important. God help us.

jaysteve

Beauty

Beauty is not all about the physical is all about what you carry from the inside of you,

For what you see outside you fades,but your character remains,so the beauty of your character should be what you should work on,in as much as you are working on your physical beauty work also on the beauty of your attitude and character for if you are beautiful inside out,you will be a lady with a difference and the desire of any man.

Business Plan

TABLE OF CONTENT

•QUESTION

• EXCUTIVE SUMMARY

•BUSINESS SWOT ANALYSIS

• BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

•VISION STATEMENT

•VISION TRIGGER

• MISSION STATEMENT

• MARKET ANALYSIS

•DETERMINAT OF MARKET DEMAND

•DATA REQUIRED FOR THE MARKET ANALYSIS

•TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS 

•FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

•SOURCES OF CAPITAL

•CONCLUSION

•REFERENCE

Question;

Draft a business Plan.

Excutive summary

why we came up with an effective plan of establishing a Sole Proprietorship/Sole Trader Fashion clothing/Apparel/wears at Gombe state university is because the growing demand  of clothing and fashionable materials by Students and staffs is not just a want but a need arising,and from our knowledge of the basic needs of human beings Clothing is among,that is why human beings cannot do without clothing,and moreover now a days people love fashionable clothes so well and it has become a competition between mostly the women's, site,fashionable design clothes today is what models used to earn a living through companies showcasing the winners on billboard with a designed fashionable clothes with the companies products in there hands which enable them get new customers and more profit. 

The business will be run by STRAWBERRY-SWEET COLLECTION. And will be located at new proposed commercial area of Gombe state University. The business will provide quality and fashionable wears for both male and female to the general student and staff of Gombe State University it is anticipated that STRAW-BERRY SWEET COLLECTION will experience a big success through the state capital within 4 years with potential branches in all high institutions within Gombe State,we the entrepreneur proposing this venture are: Group 6 of Business Administration Department of Gombe state University.

Business SWOT Analysis 

Business Strength

-we have the business skills

-We have entrepreneur training 

-We have give gifts to our customers

Business Weakness 

-Insufficient Capital

-little number of expansion resources

Business Opportunity

-a lot of customers patronage

- Cheap transportation of products

-Cheap labour in the area 

-Close to our customers

Business Threats

-Market price fluctuations

-Government Policy on taxation

Business Description

STRAW-BERRY SWEET COLLECTION is a retail store that will deal with the sales of cloth and fashion materials for both male and female and will be situated at the new commercial area in Gombe State University. 

VISION STATEMENT

In 4 years STRAW-BERRY SWEET COLLECTION will be established in  the university and they will be known not just in Gombe State University in the areas in which we cover in other school with high quality of fashion throughout the state capital and expansion plans will be made with branches in other part of the state higher institutions like: F.C.E,FUK,Federal Polytechnic Kaltungo,College of Horticulture Dadinkowa and We hope to expand it with other states high institutions.

VISION TRIGGER

Main vision trigger of STRAW-BERRY SWEET COLLECTION will be "YOUR ATTRACTIVENESS IS PARIORITY'' The vision trigger will emphasis the high quality of the product as well as representing everything about the business will be towards the customers.

MISSION STATEMENT

The following are our missions below:

I) Management of STRAW-BERRY SWEET COLLECTION pledge to serve their customers with the best product and service with sincerity and integrity.

 ii)We pledge that we will make available quality clothing that make looks attractive and stunning.

 iii) We pledge that STRAW-BERRY SWEET COLLECTION will give room to all customers complains,suggestions and observations.

iv) We pledge that we will provide a conducive sit in case of much customers.

v) We pledge that we will make sure that we refund the money of our customers if we sold below quality wears or clothes that stay for long in the shop.

vi) We pledge to treat our customers as Kings and Queens because without customers,our business will be valueless.

vii) It will part of our Mission to offer discount for our customers buying in bulk from us.

viii) It will also be part of our Mission to be sending seasonal greetings to our customers in a long run

ix) We will be accountable in our record keeping and we will pay our tax as of when due.

x) We will be organising dinner for our customers and use what is realise to pay the school fees of the less Previlage in our society 

xi) We will Also organise model and fashion compititon with other sponsors to help the winner earn a living 

Your attractiveness is our Pariority

MARKET ANALYSIS

After a proposed survey with the compus area and our observation and research so far,it was found out that there is no clothing/Apparel/wear business in the university and most business are photocopy and chops,large number of people had to move to a kilometre to locate a business district to purchase their clothing/apparels/wears for either their selves or their loved ones So there is a need to ease their stress and save their transport and increase the beauty of their outfit. Based on the market analysis the business is considered good going or good to go.

DETERMINAT OF MARKET DEMAND

1. Market trends of product

2. Availability of the product

3. Quality of the product

4. Affordability of the product

5. Durability and span of the product

   DATA REQUIRED FOR THE MARKET ANALYSIS

the data required for the market analysis is the total number of staff and students.

..source of data..

The data that is use is PRIMARY DATA

.. size..

The targeted buyers are the total number or at least 90% of the people residing or having affiliation within the campus of Gombe State University and 10% will come from the people outside the School due to the pronouncement of goodwill of the business by our loyal customers.

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS 

for the successful establishment of STRAW-BERRY SWEET COLLECTION the following factors are supposed to be put in place 

1. Structure and physical aspect of the venture

STRAW-BERRY SWEET COLLECTION will be  occupying a 32 square meter shop which will serve as a store that the venture will keep it's Good's and a 16 square meter shop next to the store , the square meter store will be used as the show case where different types of clothing, apparel , wear both male and female will be display . We will be renting the shop. 

,,2 Goods planning 

For the first year the venture will be obtaining it's Good's at Kano state , after 4years the venture will be going to Lagos and Abia state to obtain our goods. By then the venture have raised enough capital to buy in a large quantity from a major distribution based in Lagos and Abia . 

. Staffing .

STRAW BERRY SWEET COLLECTION will employ semi-skilled and unskilled labour  to aid the smooth running of the venture, the semi-skilled workers as the store keeper as well as unskilled labour that will be responsible for selling the clothing and cleaning the environment. 

.... equipment required by the venture....

i. Computer system.

ii.Telephone.

iii. Customize Nylon

iv. Max generator

v. Show glass

vi. Big Mirror 

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

Before venturing into a business it is necessary to consider financial aspect of the business,to start this venture successfully and also to attain the desired success. The sum of 4000,000 as capital is required.

Sources of Capital

3 STAR COLLECTION is anticipating getting it capital from three sources

1. Partners contribution    2,000,000

2. Loan from financial institution  1,500,000

3. Grant from family 500,000

Five Year Cash Flow Project

1. Partners Contribution 2,000,000

2. Loan Proceeds  1,500,000

3. Grant from Family  500,000

 Total capital 4,000,000

Uses of Cash

1. Cost of goods 3,230,000

2. Renting(building)  150,000

3. Advertisement  180,000

4. Equipment applied  15,000

5. Laptop  200,000

6. Miscellaneous expenses 5,000

7. Payment of staff 50,000

8. Working Capital 70,000

9. Carriage inward  20,000

10. Transportation 80,000

Totat. 4,000,000

Conclusion:

Considering this analysis,this STRAW-BERRY SWEET COLLECTION will be successful. This business plan/research has document the establishment of STRAW-BERRY SWEET COLLECTION Feasible and will be great success in years to come. All critical factors such as industrial trends,marketing and analysis, competition, management and financial analysis are in favour of this venture.We believe that we will appreciate and even gain investors to expand

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Nigeria

Introduction: 

Corporate social responsibility is a broad concept that can take many forms depending on the company and industry. Through CSR programs, philanthropy, and volunteer efforts, businesses can benefit society while boosting their brands.

As important as CSR is for the community, it is equally valuable for a company. CSR activities can help forge a stronger bond between employees and corporations, boost morale and help both employees and employers feel more connected with the world around them.

In Nigeria;

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria originated from the practices of multinational companies (MNCS) operations in the extraction sectors of the Nigerian economy, especially in the oil sector. Their operations in communities resulted in CSR breaches such as oil spillages, gas flaring, militancy/community agitations and dumping of toxic waste materials in rivers. These activities destroyed the sources of income for the communities which are mainly farming and fishing, leading to widespread poverty and agitation from the communities. Cumulatively, these raised concerns about the role of businesses in the Nigerian society.

Apart from the activities of MNCS, the failure by successive Nigerian governments to fulfil their mandatory obligation of providing social amenities for communities has made MNCS to become quasi-government with community depending and targeting MNCS to solve their economic problems. Government from all levels, have failed to offer solutions (such as building infrastructures, roads, medical equipment and schools). This is largely due to corruption, weak institutional framework, lack of transparency and accountability among public officials and bad governance among other issues.

As a result, CSR initiatives in Nigeria have not been strategic, in a way which provides a thorough engagement of businesses in society and nation building, but have been culturally oriented, reflecting the religion, ethnicity, traditions and communal lifestyle of the people which involves sharing, togetherness and consensus. As such CSR initiatives in Nigeria have been mostly discretionary and philanthropic, characterised by donations, charities and community developments. Most corporate entities such as mnc and financial institutions are taking csr initiatives seriously. Some have csr departments and publish their environmental/csr reports in addition to their annual reports. Their csr initiatives involve mostly sponsorship in sports, beautification of roads, giving donations and project implementations. Some of these projects include the provision of borehole water, youth empowerment, schools and healthcare centres for the communities.

What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self-regulating business model that helps a company be socially accountable—to itself, its stakeholders, and the public. By practicing corporate social responsibility, also called corporate citizenship, companies can be conscious of the kind of impact they are having on all aspects of society, including economic, social, and environmental. To engage in CSR means that, in the ordinary course of business, a company is operating in ways that enhance society and the environment, instead of contributing negatively to them.

The term corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to practices and policies undertaken by corporations that are intended to have a positive influence on the world. The key idea behind CSR is for corporations to pursue other pro-social objectives, in addition to maximizing profits. Examples of common CSR objectives include minimizing environmental externalities, promoting volunteerism among company employees, and donating to charity 

Social responsibility (CSR) is a form of self-, conscious attempts and self-efforts undertaken by organisations for self-preservation and enhancement of their operations. CSR is usually integrated into a business model for an organisation to be able to live in harmony with its operating environment.

The objectives of social responsibility of business:

1. It is a concept that implies a business must operate (function)with a firm mindset to protect and promote the interest and welfare of the society.

2. It must honestly fulfil it's social responsibilities in regard to the welfare of society in which it's operates and whose resources and insfrastructures it makes use of to earn huge profits.

3. It should never neglect or avoid it's responsibilities towards society in which it flourishes.

4.profit(earned through any means) must not be it's only highest objective else contributions made for betterment and progress of a society must also be given a prime importance.

Types of corporate social responsibility:

1. Environmental responsibility

Environmental responsibility refers to the belief that organizations should behave in as environmentally friendly a way as possible. It’s one of the most common forms of corporate social responsibility. Some companies use the term “environmental stewardship” to refer to such initiatives.

Companies that seek to embrace environmental responsibility can do so in several ways:

Reducing pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, the use of single-use plastics, water consumption, and general waste

Increasing reliance on renewable energy, sustainable resources, and recycled or partially recycled materials

Offsetting negative environmental impact; for example, by planting trees, funding research, and donating to related causes.

2. Ethical responsibility

Ethical responsibility is concerned with ensuring an organization is operating in a fair and ethical manner. Organizations that embrace ethical responsibility aim to achieve fair treatment of all stakeholders, including leadership, investors, employees, suppliers, and customers.

Firms can embrace ethical responsibility in different ways. For example, a business might set its own, higher minimum wage if the one mandated by the state or federal government doesn’t constitute a “livable wage.” Likewise, a business might require that products, ingredients, materials, or components be sourced according to free trade standards. In this regard, many firms have processes to ensure they’re not purchasing products resulting from slavery or child labor.

3. Philanthropic responsibility

Philanthropic responsibility refers to a business’s aim to actively make the world and society a better place.

In addition to acting as ethically and environmentally friendly as possible, organizations driven by philanthropic responsibility often dedicate a portion of their earnings. While many firms donate to charities and nonprofits that align with their guiding missions, others donate to worthy causes that don’t directly relate to their business. Others go so far as to create their own charitable trust or organization to give back.

4. Economic responsibility

Economic responsibility is the practice of a firm backing all of its financial decisions in its commitment to do good in the areas listed above. The end goal is not to simply maximize profits, but positively impact the environment, people, and society.

Business benefits of CSR:

In a way, corporate social responsibility can be seen as a public relations effort. However, it goes beyond that, as corporate social responsibility can also boost a firm’s competitiveness. The business benefits of corporate social responsibility include the following:

1. Stronger brand image, recognition, and reputation

CSR adds value to firms by establishing and maintaining a good corporate reputation and/or brand equity.

2. Increased customer loyalty and sales

Customers of a firm that practices CSR feel that they are helping the firm support good causes.

3. Operational cost savings

Investing in operational efficiencies results in operational cost savings as well as reduced environmental impact.

4. Retaining key and talented employees

Employees often stay longer and are more committed to their firm knowing that they are working for a business that practices CSR.

5. Easier access to funding

Many investors are more willing to support a business that practices CSR.

6. Reduced regulatory burden

Strong relationships with regulatory bodies can help to reduce a firm’s regulatory burden.onomic responsibility initiatives involve improving the firm’s business operation while participating in sustainable practices – for example, using a new manufacturing process to minimize wastage.

CSR activities;

1. Abolishing poverty, malnourishment and hunger, improvising health care which includes preventive health care and sanitation and making available safe drinking water.

2. Improvement in education which includes special education and employment strengthening vocation skills among children, women, elderly and the differently-abled and livelihood enhancement projects.

3. Improving gender equality, setting up homes and hostels for women and orphans.

4. Introducing the measures for reducing inequalities faced by socially and economically backward groups.

5. Safeguarding environmental sustainability, ecological balance, protection of flora and fauna, animal welfare, agroforestry, conservation of natural resources and maintaining a quality of soil, air and water which also includes a contribution for rejuvenation of river ganga.

6. Protection of national heritage, art and culture including restoration of buildings and sites of historical importance and works of art; setting up public libraries; promotion and development of traditional arts and handicrafts.

7. Areas for the advantage of skilled armed forces, war widows and their dependents.

8. Training to stimulate rural sports, nationally recognized sports, paralympic sports and olympic sports.

9. Contribution to the prime minister’s national relief fund or any other fund set up by the central government for socio-economic development providing relief and welfare of the scheduled castes, the scheduled and backward classes, minorities and women.

10. Contributions or funds provided to technology incubators are approved by the central government.

11. Rural development projects.

12. Disaster management, including relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities.

13. Slum area development

Reason for introduction of CSR for companies

We live a dynamic life in a world that is growing more and more complex. Global-scale environment, social, cultural and economic issues have now become part of our everyday life.

Boosting profits is no longer the sole business performance indicator for the corporate and they have to play the role of responsible corporate citizens as they owe a duty towards society.

The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), introduced through companies act, 2013 puts a greater responsibility on companies in Nigeria to set out a clear CSR framework.

Many corporate houses like tata and birla have been engaged in doing CSR voluntarily. The act introduces the culture of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Nigeria corporate requiring companies to formulate a CSR policy and spend on social upliftment activities.

CSR is all about corporate giving back to society. The company secretaries are expected to be known about the legal and technical requirements with respect to CSR in order to guide the management and board.

Importance of corporate social responsibility:

1. It encourages customer loyalty;

People are giving to charitable organizations in high numbers. Millennials are especially active. To attract customers and keep their loyalty, corporations need to pay attention to what customers care about. If a customer feels like they are living out their values by supporting a certain business, they are more likely to stick with the brand. They’ll feel a sense of pride when buying from the business and are more likely to recommend it. Loyal customers are the best marketing a company can get.

2. It gives businesses a competitive edge;

Customers care about a business’s part in social issues and they will be loyal to corporations they believe align with their values. That means corporations that cater to these customers have a competitive edge over companies that don’t. They might offer the same products and services, but the fact that they are making corporate responsibility a priority makes them more appealing. Drawing that distinction is essential for marketing purposes.

3. Corporate responsibility makes employees happier and more fulfilled;

Research shows that employees of businesses that prioritize csr are happier and more fulfilled. 80% of employees report feeling more purpose when they believe their work makes a difference in the world. That sense of purpose is essential to employee loyalty and dedication. When personally fulfilled, people are less vulnerable to fatigue and stress. They’re also more likely to stay with the company.

4. It makes a business more sustainable;

When a corporation decides to make corporate responsibility a focus, it needs to be more innovative and creative. It can’t be “business as usual.” Nurturing innovation and creativity forces a company to stay relevant and adjust according to what customers want. These days and for the foreseeable future, customers want social responsibility. The ability to adapt is important for longevity and sustainability.

5. Customers are willing to pay more;

Corporate responsibility is great for business in a few ways. One of them is that companies can charge more for their products and services. A nielsen global survey of corporate social responsibility revealed that more than half of the surveyed customers are willing to pay more if the company is committed to corporate responsibility.

6. It attracts more investors;

Investors care about a business’s sustainability, customer loyalty, and competitiveness. There are also many eager to support companies that work to make the world better. Corporations that commit to social change and are willing to adapt are very attractive to investors. Incorporating CSR is an effective way to attract socially-minded investors as well as those thinking about long-term financial success.

7. Corporate responsibility attracts more employees;

The generations that really care about social justice and social change will make up the majority of the workforce. 66% of people surveyed in the nielsen global survey of corporate social responsibility prefer to work for companies that prioritize corporate responsibility. By embracing that, a corporation can attract the best employees and keep them, making the business stronger.

8. Corporate responsibility can reduce costs;

Making money has been the primary goal of “business as usual,” but corporate responsibility doesn’t mean a company sacrifices profits. In fact, it can reduce costs. Since general mills installed an energy monitoring system, they’ve saved millions of dollars each year. While equipment can cost a company initially, it saves money in the long-term. When reduced costs and higher-priced products are combined, companies can make a very good profit by being socially responsible.

9. Corporate responsibility opens up new opportunities/markets;

There are a lot of markets that haven’t been tapped into because traditional business thinking doesn’t see them as “profitable.” With social activism on the brain, corporations can open new doors into neglected areas and causes. In considering social impact as well as profit, corporations can find a balance and set themselves apart from the crowd. Consumers will appreciate that a corporation is thinking about where it can help and not only about profits.

10. Corporate responsibility makes the world a better place;

Businesses, especially big corporations, can change society in significant ways. They have a lot of influence, so they can not only raise awareness of issues, they can play an essential role in progress. Addressing climate change is a prime example of where corporations can take charge. By taking responsibility for their impact, corporations can help the world become a healthier, happier place.

CSR is an immense term that is used to explain the efforts of a company in order to improve society in any other way.

CSR improves the public image by publicizing the efforts towards a better society and increase their chance of becoming favourable in the eyes of consumers.

CSR increases media coverage as media visibility throws a positive light on the organisation.

Csr enhances the company’s brand value by building a socially strong relationship with customers.

Csr helps companies to stand out from the competition when companies are involved in any kind of community.

Challenges in implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Nigeria:

The challenges in implementing CSR in Nigeria will be discussed in details in the sub-headings below.inability of Nigeria government to enforce CSR into law

Since the emergence of CRS in Nigeria, there is no law in place by the Nigeria government in the area of CSR. 

1. Ensuring law and order, security, provision of public infrastructure and other basic amenities. 

2. Corruption and selfishness

Nigeria is a country blessed with abundance of natural and human resources, as a result attracts, the activities of multinational companies who explore these resources to increase the wealth of the nation as well as transform the economic and social environment for the betterment of the 

Common. Apart from increasing the wealth of the nation, most of these companies enshrine in their policy the responsibility of providing some social services to the society they directly affect through their CSR. It is quite pathetic when the level of corruption in Nigeria poses a major challenge to these companies in implementing CSR. Without regards for morals and humanity, when the resources meant to be used for implementing CSR to improve the lives of people in the society gets to the hands of the leaders of these communities, they are siphoned and used for their selfish and personal aggrandisement. No wonder the renowned writer and 

Novelist achebe(1998) stipulated that, corruption in Nigeria has passed the alarming and entered the fatal stage, and Nigeria will die if we keep pretending that she is only slightly indisposed.

3. Lack of interest in implementing CSR. Foreign and local companies in Nigeria lack the necessary drive and impetus to effectively 

Carryout CSR because they are not mandated by the laws of the Nigeria to do so, as a result, these companies see CSR as not a responsibilities or obligatory which they must implement, but do it out of their own volition. It is only when CSR is backed by the laws of Nigeria that companies that tap its resources will then see it as obligatory, or otherwise faces the consequences of the law. 

4. Negligible or non-existent benefits: social responsibility should result in positive outcomes for both the business and the community. However, often the results falls heavily in favour of the business involved. Businesses invest a comparatively small amount into community projects and then use their effort to promote their brand and gain access to markets all around the country. 

5. Political and social insecurity: one of the fundamental factors that motivate companies (whether a foreign or local) to do, business in Nigeria is the availability of political as well as social security. Suffice to state that the rate of social and political insecurity in the country manifested in the boko haram insurgency has done more damage than good to the economy of the nation. In fact the insurgence has eaten so deep into the fabrics of the society to the extent that fear of bombing and kidnap has become the other of the day. Foreigners doing business in Nigeria sleep with one eyes open and do their business with fear, while does who intend coming into the country have totally jettisoned the idea into thin air. With this pathetic and horrible situation on ground, companies will find it very challenging to engage in CSR for fear of not maximising profit which is to the detriment of its stakeholders and the organisation as a whole

Ways Nigeria can fight the challenges of csr:

With the above discussed challenges which hinder the effective implementation of corporate social responsibility in Nigeria, the following recommendations stand to be made.

1. The government of Nigeria should put into law, which is providing a legal framework for companies on corporate social responsibility. This will make CSR to be taken seriously and seen as obligatory as against non-obligatory. 

2. Federal government agencies who are charged with the responsibility of implementing and enforcing CSR should maintain a high moral and ethical standard to ensure its effectiveness.

3. Federal government should provide enabling social and political environment to motivate companies in Nigeria to carry out sustainable social responsibility to improve the lives of Nigerians.

4. Nigerian government should pass into legislation that would promote the interest of the government of the region. Legislation that would make the companies to pay heavy penalties for identified damages to the eco-system.

5. The federal ministry of environment and other agencies saddled with the responsibilities of enforcing environmental laws in Nigeria should adequately be funded to be able to manage the activities of the government.

6. The government of Nigeria should try as much as possible to domesticate international corporate responsibility instrument, which include the organisation for economic and development (oecd), the 1988 ilodeclaration on fundamental principles and rights at works, guidelines for multinational enterprises and the united nation (un) global compact.

7. Finally, government should facilitate the process of passage of the response, compensation, and liability for environmental damage (recled) bill, the Nigerian environmental bill and the petroleum industry bill by the legislature arms of the government, the national assembly, into law. The bills if eventually made law would no doubt stimulate CSR in Nigeria 

Some examples of companies that practice CSR in nigeria:

In the manufacturing sector, we have;

1. Unilever is said to reach over 20 million people annually through its CSR operations. The company has been known to donate to the education sector of the economy through its ‘adopt a school program’ geared towards boosting primary schools. It organizes the ‘unilever sustainable living young entrepreneurs award’. It also implemented the ‘unilever women empowerment program’. As regards to health, the company came together with sightsavers international and the sokoto ministry of health to fight trachoma. 

2. The British American tobacco Nigeria established the ‘British American tobacco foundation’ geared towards the implementation of community enhancement projects in Nigeria. Dangote group has been known for its humanitarian supports to victims in the north and donations to universities.

3. In the telecommunications sector, airtel has been known to collaborate with unilever to promote oral hygiene among students. 

Mtn established the ‘mtn foundation’ which cuts across economic empowerment, education, health, and works against poverty. Etisalat established the lagos business school CSR centre and is known to have established an initiative to fight malaria as well as the ‘ebola virus containment and awareness initiative.’

4. In the banking sector, zenith bank is known for ‘zenith philanthropy’ geared towards giving philanthropic aid to various sectors of the country. Uba has the ‘uba foundation’ that cuts across education, environment, special projects and economic empowerment. 

First bank of Nigeria is known for its contribution towards the Lagos business school as well as its contributions towards the emergency unit of the sickle cell center.

5. In the oil sector, shell petroleum development company of Nigeria in partnership with Africare started the ‘africare malaria health integrated project’ and it also established the ‘secondary school scholarship scheme’ to help students pay through school in the Niger delta region of the country.

6. The federal government introduced education tax in Nigeria because they felt companies were giving less than they were getting from the community. From my personal research, i found out part of the reason why the federal government introduced the education tax is because they felt that the private companies were beneficiaries of the best intellectual minds in the society. Hence the federal government felt that the companies should contribute towards the development of education as they foresaw that they could no longer cater for it financially in the nearest future.

Some examples of corporate social responsibility practice by international companies:

1) BMW

Bmw holds its pride in being one of the most socially responsible companies in its industry. Bmw has set the bar high with a goal of helping over one million people by 2020. They plan to do this by creating programs such as “the schools environmental education development project” to help raise awareness of social and environmental issues. Bmw’s key to CSR success has always been alignment. They’re a great example of corporate social responsibility because of their balance between a good business model and helping social causes.

2) LEVI STRAUSS & CO.

Levi’s is another company that focuses its efforts on CSR. Levi’s approach is to reduce their environmental footprint by acting in human rights and environmental causes. Just like bmw’s program, levi’s has a “worker well-being initiative” that is aimed to help improve the life of their employees. Levi’s has also trademarked their “water<less” campaign by using less water when manufacturing their products. They have saved over one billion liters of water and hope to better improve their manufacturing process by 2020.

3) SURVEYMONKEY

Surveymonkey, best known for their survey creation software, has created a giving back program to better improve their social responsibilities. They have done this by engaging in an innovative way to give back. Instead of giving out prizes to survey takers, surveymonkey donates 50 cents for every survey completed. This donation goes to the survey takers charity of choice. The company has donated over one million dollars to organizations such as boys & girls club of America and the humane society. Surveymonkey’s example of corporate social responsibility stretches far beyond just engagement. They focus on bettering society as a whole, thus giving the company a good reputation.

4) STARBUCKS COFFEE

Since the beginning of its existence in 1971, starbucks coffee has always focused on ethical and social responsibilities. Starbucks aims at creating a product that is not only beneficial to its customers, but also to the environment. With the start of the c.a.f.e. Program, starbucks has set guidelines to increase product quality, social and economic responsibility, and environmental management. Partnering with ethos water, starbucks is helping bring clean water to over one billion people who don’t have access to it. What separates starbucks from its competitors is that they focus on society before themselves. Giving back to the community is a great factor to why the brand is so well known. It goes to show that companies with great giving programs are valued more than ones that don’t.

5) BEN & JERRY’S

Founders of ben & jerry’s, ben cohen and jerry greenfield, have always been focused on giving back in any way possible. At the same time they have kept true to themselves the value of connecting the company with its employees. To accomplish various CSR goals, ben & jerry’s created the “ben & jerry’s foundation.” The company has set the bar high by giving 7.5% of its pretax profits to charitable organizations around the world. Ben and jerry’s strives “to show a deep respect for human beings” whether they work for the company or not. They have donated over two million dollars to multiple organization it the hopes to have a positive impact on society.

6) INNOVATION: JOHNSON & JOHNSON

An excellent example of CSR is global giant johnson & johnson. They have focused on reducing their impact on the planet for three decades. Their initiatives range from leveraging the power of the wind to providing safe water to communities around the world. Its purchase of a privately-owned energy supplier in the texas panhandle allowed the company to reduce pollution while providing a renewable, economical alternative to electricity. The company continues to seek out renewable energy options with the goal to procure 35% of their energy needs from renewable sources.

7) GOOGLE;

Google is trusted not only for its environmentally friendly initiatives but also due to their outspoken ceo sundar pichai. He stands up against social issues including president donald trump’s anti-muslim comments. Google also earned ri’s highest CSR score much in part due to their data center using 50% less energy than others in the world. They also have committed over $1 billion to renewable energy projects and enable other businesses to reduce their environmental impact through services such as gmail.

8) COCA-COLA;

Coca-cola’s massive fleet of delivery trucks contributed 3.7 million metric tons of greenhouse gases to the world. They have made major changes to their supply chain practices including investing in new alternatively fueled trucks. Their initiatives are intended to create a 25% reduction in their carbon footprint by 2020.

9) FORD MOTOR COMPANY;

Ford plans to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions using their ecoboost engine to increase fuel efficiency. It also plans to introduce 40 electrified vehicles (electric and hybrid) by 2022, in an investment of $11 billion. According to ford: “we’re all in on this and we’re taking our mainstream vehicles, our most iconic vehicles, and we’re electrifying them. If we want to be successful with electrification, we have to do it with vehicles that are already popular.”

In addition, american ford dealerships rely on wind sail and solar pv systems to power their locations greatly reducing their use of electricity.

5 & 6. NETFLIX & SPOTIFY

From a social perspective, companies such as netflix and spotify offer benefits to support their employees and families. Netflix offers 52 weeks of paid parental leave, which can be taken at any time whether it is the first year of the child's life or another time that suits their needs. This compares to 18 weeks at other tech companies. 

Spotify offers a similar program, although for a shorter duration of 24 weeks of paid leave.

Argument in Favour of Corporate Social Responsibility

1. Public Requirements:

Business can exist only with public support and only if business fulfills needs of society. One of main arguments for social responsibility is that public expectations from business have changed. Therefore if business wishes to remain in existence for a long term it must respond to society’s needs and give society what society wants.

The business must come up to expectations of public for its survival since the demand for products or services arises from customers who are a part of society. Since business is a part and parcel of society, it must think of its responsibilities.

2. Favourable For Business:

Performance of social obligation by business will not only be in the interest of society but in its own interest also. The firm which is more responsive to improvement of community quality of life will as a result has better community in which it conducts its business.

People with healthy environment, good health and education will make them good customers and employees. Recruitment of labour will be of higher quality. Turnover and absenteeism will be reduced. The society may reject an enterprise which does not care for social welfare. Crime rate will also decrease as a result of social improvements.

3. Moral Justification:

Nowadays modern industrial society faces many serious social problems as a result of emergence of large companies. Therefore these large corporations have a moral responsibility to solve these problems. Also business which is using so many resources of our economy has responsibility to devote some of these resources in overall development of society.

4. Socio-Cultural Norms: 

In a country like India where social and cultural values have long and rich heritage, a business promoting social equalities, healthy employer-employee relations and consumer service will enjoy better social position. A business working against traditional values will face criticism from society.

5. Business Can Shoulder Responsibility:

Many people who feel frustrated with failure of other institutions in handling social problems are turning to the business for their solution to social problems. In such a situation, it becomes the duty of business to come upto expectation of public and fulfill its responsibilities towards society.

6. Responsibility Must Correspond With Power:

Business enjoys social power to a great extent. So they do affect economy, minorities and other social problems. Business should perform equal amount of social responsibility to match their social power. If they don’t then it will reflect their irresponsible behaviour, which will ultimately affect the natural growth.

7. Public Image:

Only that firm can enjoy better reputation in public which supports social goals. Each firm seeks an enhanced public image so that it may gain more customers, better employees, more responsive money markets etc. It is possible only if business performs its responsibilities towards society whole-heartedly which will result in raising the value of shares and debentures held by the owners.

Argument Against Corporate Social Responsibility:

1. Business is an economic activity:

It is argued by the opponents of social responsibility that basic function of a business enterprise is to look into economic viability of its operations. It is for the Government to look after interests of the society. The prime responsibility of assuming social responsibility should, therefore, be of the Government and not of the business enterprises.

2. Quantification of social benefits:

What measures social responsibility and to what extent should a business enterprise be engaged in it, what amount of resources should be committed to the social values, whose interest should hold priority over others (shareholders should be preferred over suppliers or vice versa) and numerous other questions are open to subjective considerations, which make social responsibility a difficult task to be assumed.

3. Cost-benefit analysis:

Any social-benefit programme where initial costs exceed the benefits may not be taken up by enterprises even in the short-run.

4. Lack of skill and competence: Professionally qualified managers may not have the aptitude to solve the social problems.

5. Transfer of social costs:

Costs related to social programmes are adjusted by the business concerns in the following ways:

(a) High prices:

The costs are passed to consumers by increasing prices of goods and services.

(b) Low wages:

If managers maintain the level of prices, the social costs may be reflected in reduction of wages.

(c) Low profits:

If wages are stabilized, profits would be reduced, which will lower dividends to the shareholders. Low profits will reduce managers’ desire to further engage in corporate social responsibility

6. Sub-optimal utilisation of resources:

If scarce resources are utilised for social goals, this would violate the very purpose of existence of an organisation

Question

All business organization operate within an environment that tale input from the environment and give output to the same environment. Discuss with good examples corporate social responsibility (CSR) of business.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, corporate sustainability has a huge role to play in the development of Nigeria. Also, it would be a good practice for small and medium enterprises to join the train and become more sustainable like the multinationals. As they can contribute to areas such employee engagement, and employee volunteering. The standard of corporate sustainability in Nigeria might not reflect that of the western world, but corporate sustainability can be used to effectively tackle our current socio-economic development challenges. Therefore, corporate sustainability, remains an ideal and assured means of securing the Nigeria with a better tomorrow.

Reference;

• how social responsibility promotes businesses

Https://elearning.scranton.edu/resource/business-businessleadership/five-ways-corporate-social-responsibility-promotes-sustainable-business

•business benefits of corporate social responsibility

Https://cleartax.in/s/corporate-social-responsibility

•challenges and solution of corporate social responsibility in nigeria

Https://smallbusiness.chron.com/grants-small-business-improve-environment-14807.html

•types of corporate social responsibility

Https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/types-of-corporate-social-responsibility

•examples of corporate social responsibility

Https://digitalmarketinginstitute.com/blog/corporate-16-brands-doing-corporate-social-responsibility-successfully

•roles of corporate social responsibility

Https://medium.com/@ebukaeddow/the-role-of-corporate-sustainability-in-nigeria-today-86878ca9cc76

•examples of corporate social responsibility

Https://blog.involvesoft.com/5-examples-of-socially-responsible-companies

•types of corporate social responsibility

Https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/100515/three-pillars-corporate-sustainability.asp

•examples of corporate social responsibility https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-21641-6_17

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(I) INTRODUCTION

(II) MEANING OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

(III) OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS

(IV) TYPES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

(V)  BUSINESS BENEFITS OF CSR

(VI) ACTIVITIES OF CSR

(VII) REASONS FOR INTRODUCING CSR TO FOR COMPANIES

(VIII) IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

(IX) CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) IN NIGERIA

(X)   WAYS NIGERIA CAN FIGHT THE CHALLENGES OF CSR

(XI)  SOME EXAMPLES OF COMPANIES THAT PRACTICE CSR IN NIGERIA

(XII) SOME EXAMPLES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICE BY INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES

(XIII) CONCLUSION

(XIV) REFERENCES